Amelogenesis Imperfecta in Children: Review of Pathogenetic Aspect

Amelogenesis imperfecta is an abnormal formation of the enamel. This anomaly associated with malformation of proteins, such as ameloblastin, enamelin, tuftelin and amelogenin. A few study report, mutation in the AMELX, ENAM, MMP20 and KLK-4 genes have been found to cause amelogenesis imperfecta. Mutations of AMELX, ENAM, MMP20 and KLK-4 genes will alter the structure of protein, that are essential for normal tooth development. People with amelogenesis imperfecta have teeth with abnormal color; yellow, brown or grey and have a higher risk for dental caries and hypersentive to temperature changes. Incidence of amelogenesis imperfecta estimated 1 per 14.000 people in USA and 1 per 700 people in Northern Sweden. The purpose of this paper is to describe of pathology of amelogenesis imperfecta and its management. The treatment depends on severity of the problem. Full crowns will improve the appearance of the teeth and protect them from damage.